The 100 articles that were most cited in SRM, according to the total number of citations since publication, are listed in Table 1 in descending order. Among these 100 citation classics, the article with the highest number of citations received 7308 citations, while the least-cited received just 675 citations. The average citations per year varied widely, ranging from 27.8 to 401.6.
A density-equalizing map is depicted in Figure 1 to illustrate the number of contributions for each country in the SRM citation classics. This mapping demonstrates that a relatively small number of countries were responsible for the majority of the top cited SRM articles. The United States had the highest concentration of first authors who produced the highest-cited citation classics (n=46), followed by the United Kingdom (n=28) and Canada (n=15). All of the 100 most cited articles in SRM were published in the English language.
In terms of specific articles that received a high number of citations, Dersimonian and Laird's "Metaanalysis in Clinical Trials" was one such example (Table 1). Published in 1986, this article received seven citations during its initial publication and has since then accumulated a total of 7308 citations (ranked no.1 on the list) over three decades. Meanwhile, other well-known publications such as "Controlled Clinical Trials" received an average of only around 1 citation per year during their initial years, indicating a relatively low impact factor compared to other articles in the dataset.
997
315
: 629-634.
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C
The British Medical Journal
, 1997
1997
5197
2
346.5
2
Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary? Controlled Clinical Trials
Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJM, Gavaghan DJ et al
, 1996
, 17: 1-12.
1996
4535
3
283.4
6
Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG:
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
British Medical Journal
, 2003
, 327
: 557-560.
2003
4111
4
456.8
1
Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG: Empirical-Evidence of Bias - Dimensions of Methodological Quality Associated with Estimates of Treatment Effects in Controlled Trials
Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
, 1995
, 273
: 408-412.
1995
2884
What does evidence-based medicine mean?Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a method of medical practice that involves integrating individual clinical expertise with the best external evidence to make decisions about patient care. The term was coined by Donald A. Henderson, an American physician, in the 1990s.The key principles of EBM are to prioritize patient needs and goals over all other factors, such as cost or convenience, and to rely on high-quality evidence from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This approach aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of medical decisions, reduce variability in care across different settings, and ultimately enhance patient outcomes.However, there is some controversy surrounding EBM. Critics argue that it can be difficult to define what constitutes "best" evidence, and that it may be overly prescriptive or limit the scope of clinical judgment. Others worry that EBM may lead to depersonalization of healthcare, as patients become mere "cases" rather than individuals with unique needs and preferences.Despite these challenges, many healthcare professionals believe that EBM represents an important step forward in improving the quality of medical care. In recent years, there has been a growing body of research supporting the use of EBM in a variety of clinical settings, from primary care to specialized areas such as cardiology and oncology.Overall, evidence-based medicine represents a valuable tool for healthcare providers seeking to provide the highest level of care possible to their patients. By drawing on the best available evidence, practitioners can make informed decisions that are based on sound scientific principles and take into account the complex interplay between multiple factors in health and disease.
This is the result of a meta-analysis, which was conducted to investigate the effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival. The results were published in the Lancet in 2005 and reported an average hazard ratio of 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 0.86) for progression-free survival (PFS), with higher PFS seen in women receiving chemotherapy as compared with hormone therapy alone.
The study also reported an average hazard ratio of 0.73 (CI 0.57 to 0.94) for 15-year survival, with higher survival seen in women receiving chemotherapy as compared with hormone therapy alone. These findings indicate that chemotherapy is more effective than hormone therapy in reducing the risk of progression and death from breast cancer among patients with early-stage breast cancer.
A related study published in the Lancet in 1998 investigated the quality of reports of randomised trials and found that estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses varied depending on the quality of the original trial reporting. This highlights the importance of high-quality research design and reporting when conducting randomised controlled trials for medical interventions.
In a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2000, a group of researchers proposed new criteria for reporting observational studies in epidemiology. They suggested that studies should include a summary of the main results, details of the methods used, limitations of the study, and implications for future research. This recommendation has been widely adopted by researchers and editors in the field.
Finally, a meta-analysis of individual data from one million adults in 61 prospective studies was conducted to investigate the age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality. The results showed that there was a significant association between blood pressure and mortality rates at different ages, but that this effect was strongest among older adults. The authors suggest that future research should focus on identifying specific subpopulations who are at highest risk for cardiovascular disease based on their blood pressure levels.
Alberti W, Anderson G, Bartolucci A, Bell D, Villalba JB, Brodin O
et al.
:
Chemotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung-Cancer - A Metaanalysis Using Updated Data on Individual Patients from 52 Randomized Clinical-Trials.
British Medical Journal. 1995. 311(1400): 899-909.
: 122.8.
:
Baigent C, Sudlow C, Collins R, Peto R:
Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients.
British Medical Journal. 2002. 324(7346): 71-86.
: 291.4.
:
Block G, Patterson B, Subar A:
Fruit, Vegetables, and Cancer Prevention - A Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence. Nutrition and Cancer-an International Journal. 1992. 18(1): 1-29.
: 91.3.
:
Begg CB, Mazumdar M:
Operating Characteristics of A Bank Correlation Test for Publication Bias. Biometrics. 1994. 50(1): 1088-1101.
: 97.6.
:
Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN:
Operation of a Computer Program for Testing for Publication Bias in Medical Research Articles. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1974. 137(5): 486-490.
:
The incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients was analyzed using a meta-analysis of prospective studies. The findings showed that the incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients was 121.9% (Buchwald et al., 1998). Another study conducted by Buchwald et al. found that bariatric surgery had a systematic review and meta-analysis (Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, Jensen MD, Pories W, Fahrbach K et al., 1998).
Grady D et al. conducted a study on hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women (Grady D, Rubin SM, Petitti DB, Fox CS, Black D, Ettinger B et al., 1992). This study found that the incidence of osteoporotic fractures was predicted well by measures of bone mineral density (Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H). Barrick MR and Mount MK conducted a meta-analysis of Big 5 personality dimensions and job performance (Barrick MR, Mount MK: 1-26). The study found that the incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients was 75.3% (Barrick MR, Mount MK: 1-26).
Davis DA, Thomson MA, Oxman AD, Haynes RB
changed physician performance - a systematic review of the effect of continuing medical-education strategies.
Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
1995, 274: 700-705.
Appleby P, Baigent C, Collins R, Flather M, Parish S, Peto RE
et al.
indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial-infarction - collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomized trials of more than 1000 patients.
Lancet
1994, 343: 311-322.
Nissen SE, Wolski K
effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes.
New England Journal of Medicine
2007, 356: 2457-2471.
Grimshaw JM, Russell IT
effect of clinical guidelines on medical practice - a systematic review of rigorous evaluations.
Lancet
1993, 342: 1317-1322.
Abe O, Abe R, Enomoto K, Kikuchi K, Koyama H, Masuda H
The effects of different treatment approaches to early breast cancer, specifically radiotherapy and surgery, on local recurrence and 15-year survival have been studied in numerous randomized controlled trials. Here is a comprehensive overview of recent meta-analyses that examine these outcomes (Lancet 2005).
Similarly, low grade inflammation has been associated with coronary heart disease (British Medical Journal 2000), while age, sex, and ethnicity may affect the link between apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer disease (Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association 1997).
Meta-analyses are a powerful tool for synthesizing data from several studies to provide more robust evidence than could be obtained from individual studies alone. However, to ensure the quality of these analyses, certain standards must be followed (e.g., random assignment of participants to groups, blinding of reviewers, etc.; Moher et al. 1999; Lancet 1999).
One such standard is the QUOROM statement, which provides guidance on how to report results from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (Lancet 1999). This statement includes information on sample size, power analysis, statistical methods used, and limitations of the study. By adhering to these guidelines, researchers can increase the transparency and reliability of their findings, making it easier for others to replicate and build upon their work.
Efficacy of Planned Behaviour Theory: A Meta-Analysis Review by Armitage CJ and Conner M
The theory of planned behaviour is a widely used framework for designing and evaluating interventions to promote behaviour change. However, there are limited empirical studies that have assessed the theoretical validity of this approach. In an effort to address this gap in our knowledge, Armitage and Conner (2001) conducted a meta-analysis reviewing 37 studies that employed the theory of planned behaviour and found that it was generally effective in promoting behaviour change compared to other intervention methods. The study had a sample size of 584 participants across a range of domains, including education, employment, substance abuse, and physical activity. The findings were robust for different types of behaviours and interventions, suggesting that the theory of planned behaviour can be a useful tool for behaviour change interventions.
Surviving Sepsis Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock by Dellinger et al.
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that can arise from an infection in any part of the body. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign has developed guidelines for managing severe sepsis and septic shock that incorporate evidence from clinical trials and expert opinion. These guidelines emphasize the importance of early recognition and appropriate management of sepsis, including aggressive fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, and supportive care. According to Dellinger et al. (2004), these guidelines have been shown to improve outcomes for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock by reducing mortality and morbidity rates.
Chemotherapy Added to Locoregional Treatment for Head and Neck Squamous-Cell Carcinoma: Three Meta-Analyses of Updated Individual Data by Pignon et al.
Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma is a common cancer that typically requires surgery followed by regional or distant radiation therapy. However, some patients with advanced disease may benefit from additional treatment options such as chemotherapy. Pignon et al. (2000) conducted three meta-analyses of updated individual data on the addition of chemotherapy to locoregional treatment for head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma and found that it was associated with improved survival outcomes compared to standard treatment alone. However, there were some limitations to these studies, including differences in patient selection criteria, outcome measures, and statistical methods used.
Evidence-Based Medicine: A New Approach to Teaching the Practice of Medicine by Guyatt
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an approach to medical practice that emphasizes the importance of using evidence-supported strategies to inform clinical decision making. Guyatt (1992) introduced EBM as a new way of teaching medicine and argued that it would lead to better health outcomes for patients. However, EBM has been criticized for being too narrow in focus and not taking into account social or cultural factors that may influence patient care. Despite these criticisms, EBM continues to be a popular teaching tool in medical schools and has been adopted by many healthcare organizations around the world.
Functional Neuroanatomy of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Emotion Activation Studies in PET and fMRI by Phan et al.
Emotion is a complex physiological process that involves the activation of specific brain regions. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying emotion can help us develop more effective treatments for mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Phan et al. (2002) conducted a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies using PET and fMRI techniques and found that there was significant overlap between brain regions activated during emotion processing in humans and animals. The results suggest that functional neuroanatomy may be a promising area for future research in the field of neuroscience.
.
Kramer MS, et al. (1987). Determinants of Low Birth-Weight - Methodological Assessment and Meta-Analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 65: 663-737.
2.
Lohmueller KE, Pearce CL, Pike M, Lander ES, Hirschhorn JN (2003). Meta-analysis of genetic association studies supports a contribution of common variants to susceptibility to common disease. Nature Genetics, 33: 177-182.
3.
Easterbrook PJ, Berlin JA, Gopalan R, Matthews DR (1991). Publication Bias in Clinical Research. Lancet, 337: 867-872.
4.
Anderson JW, Johnstone BM, Cooknewell ME (1995). Metaanalysis of the Effects of Soy Protein-Intake on Serum-Lipids. New England Journal of Medicine, 333: 276-282.
5.
Danesh J, Collins R, Appleby P, Peto R (1998). Association of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, albumin or leukocyte count with coronary heart disease - Meta-analyses of prospective studies. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 279: 1477-1482.
In 1998, Juni P, Witschi A, Bloch R, and Egger M published a study titled "The hazards of scoring the quality of clinical trials for meta-analysis" in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The study found that scoring the quality of clinical trials had a significant impact on the strength and consistency of meta-analyses. The authors suggested that researchers should avoid using trial quality scores when conducting meta-analyses.
In 2001, Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, and Flottorp S conducted a meta-analysis in the British Medical Journal, which focused on grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. They found that there was a significant difference between the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for various interventions. The authors recommended that researchers use a standardized method for grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations to improve the transparency and reproducibility of meta-analyses.
In 2004, Smith ML and Glass GV published a meta-analysis of psychological outcome studies in the American Psychologist. The study found that meta-analysis can provide more accurate estimates of treatment effects compared to individual studies. The authors suggested that researchers should consider using meta-analysis whenever possible to improve the reliability and validity of their research.
In 1977, Brewin CR, Andrews B, and Valentine JD published a meta-analysis in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, which focused on risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma-exposed adults. The study found that several factors were associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD after exposure to trauma. The authors suggested that researchers should consider these risk factors when evaluating the effectiveness of interventions for PTSD.
Finally, in 2000, Berro LA, Grilli R, Grimshaw JM, Harvey E, Oxman AD, and Thomson MA published a meta-analysis in a journal that is not specified here. The study found that several interventions were effective for reducing symptoms of PTSD among trauma-exposed adults. The authors suggested that further research should be conducted to explore the optimal intervention strategies for PTSD.
This article presents a review of several research studies conducted in the field of healthcare, focusing on the application and implementation of research findings. The studies aim to bridge the gap between academic research and clinical practice, with an emphasis on systematic reviews of interventions designed to promote the use of evidence-based medicine.
The authors note that identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews is crucial to ensure that the best available evidence is utilized in decision-making processes. They provide examples of how this process can be applied in different settings, including the identification of relevant studies for the evaluation of depression in adults with diabetes. The authors also discuss the prevalence of comorbid depression in this population and highlight the potential impact of interventions aimed at improving professional practice.
Another study examined the effectiveness of interventions to improve professional practice. The authors found that while there were some promising results, no "magic bullets" emerged as the most effective intervention. They suggest that further research is needed to determine which specific interventions may be most effective in improving professional practice.
A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression among women. The authors found that rates varied widely depending on factors such as age, parity, and socioeconomic status. They conclude that more research is needed to understand the causes of postpartum depression and identify effective interventions.
In conclusion, these studies demonstrate the importance of bridging the gap between academic research and clinical practice by applying evidence-based principles. By identifying relevant studies and implementing effective interventions, healthcare professionals can improve patient outcomes and advance the field of medicine.
There are three articles in this set, all published between 1960 and 2002.
The first article is titled "Hom
, Wheeler JG, Hirschfield GM, Eda S, Eriksdottir G, Rumley A, et al.:
C-reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2004;350:1387-1397.
E, Gabriel SE, Jaakkimainen L, Bombardier C: Risk for Serious Gastrointestinal Complications Related to Use of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs – A Metaanalysis. Annals of Internal Medicine 1991;115:787-796.
H, Harris EC, Barraclough B: Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders – A meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry 1997;170:205-228.
L, Linn MC, Petersen AC: Emergence and Characterization of Sex-Differences in Space Ability – A Meta-Analysis. Child Development 1985;56:1479-1498.
T, Bongartz T, Sutton AJ, Sweeting MJ, Buchan I, Matteson EL, Montori V: The association between self-reported depression, suicidal behavior, and major depressive disorder among adolescents in a national sample. Archives of General Psychiatry 2004;61(5):487-494.
Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies - Systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials
.
Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
2006,
295
: 2275-2285.
2006
846
58
141
21
Mcgeer PL, Schulzer M, Mcgeer EG:
Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease: A review of 17 epidemiologic studies
.
Neurology
1996, 47: 425-432.
1996
826
59
51.6
77
Mensink RP, Katan MB:
Effect of Dietary Fatty-Acids on Serum-Lipids and Lipoproteins - A Metaanalysis of 27 Trials. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 1992, 12: 911-919.
1992
822
60
41.1
87
Sheppard BH, Hartwick J, Warshaw PR:
The Theory of Reasoned Action - A Meta-Analysis of Past Research with Recommendations for Modifications and Future-Research
. Journal of Consumer Research
1988, 15: 325-343.
1988
822
61
34.3
95
Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJR, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Gutin B.
这篇文章是一个元分析，总结了一些关于儿童和青少年基于证据的体育活动的研究。在这项研究中，研究人员收集了25年来关于组织正义的研究成果，并进行了一项元分析。结果显示，组织正义对于儿童和青少年的健康和发展至关重要。
此外，另一项研究对不可切除的肝癌的随机对照试验进行了系统审查，发现化疗栓塞可以提高存活率。还有一篇综述文章介绍了功能影像学在疼痛反应中的应用，包括脑部成像技术。最后，一篇文章回顾了神经生理学临床神经生理学杂志上发表的有关脑对疼痛的反应的功能成像研究。
The following articles were included in this review:Dahlof B, Pennert K, Hansson L. Reversal of Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients - A Metaanalysis of 109 Treatment Studies. American Journal of Hypertension, 1992, 5(4): 95-110.796
Ernst E, Resch KL. Fibrinogen As a Cardiovascular Risk Factor - A Metaanalysis and Review of the Literature. Annals of Internal Medicine, 1993, 118(2): 956-963.794
Antman EM, Lau J, Kupelnick B, Mosteller F, Chalmers TC. A Comparison of Results of Metaanalyses of Randomized Control Trials and Recommendations of Clinical Experts - Treatments for MyocardialInfarction. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1992, 268(20): 240-248.782
Patrick DL, Cheadle A, Thompson DC, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kinne S. The Validity of Self-Reported Smoking - A Review and Metaanalysis. American Psychologist, 1993, 48(11): 1181-1209.797
The authors conducted a metaanalysis to assess the efficacy of psychological treatment for depression and anxiety disorders. They found that the combined treatment effect was significantly greater than the sum of individual treatments. The results suggest that psychological treatment is an effective intervention for these conditions. However, more research is needed to determine the optimal treatment approach and to identify which individuals are most likely to benefit from psychological treatment.
American Journal of Public Health. 1994. 84: 1086-1093.
Maron BJ, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - A systematic review. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002, 287: 1308-1320.
Miller ER, et al. Meta-analysis: High-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2005, 142: 37-46.
Wright IC, et al. Meta-analysis of regional brain volumes in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000, 157: 16-25.
Horvath AO, et al. Relation Between Working Alliance and Outcome in Psychotherapy - A Metaanalysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1991, 38: 139-149.
Voyer D, et al. Magnitude of Sex-Differences in Spatial Abilities - A Metaanalysis and Consideration of Critical Variables.
In 1993, a study published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine by Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, and Gerstein HC investigated the relationship between stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with and without diabetes. They found that there was no significant difference in the risk of death after MI between those with diabetes and those without diabetes, despite higher levels of stress hyperglycaemia in the former group. This suggests that diabetes itself may not be a major contributor to increased risk of death after MI.
A metaanalysis published in the Lancet in 2000 by Moore FA et al. examined the effect of early enteral feeding on postoperative septic complications compared with parenteral nutrition. The results showed that early enteral feeding significantly reduced postoperative septic complications compared to parenteral nutrition.
Another metaanalysis published in the British Medical Journal in 2001 by Juni P et al. assessed the quality of controlled clinical trials by using systematic reviews. They found that some high-quality controlled clinical trials had been conducted, while others were of poor quality and lacked adequate statistical analysis.
In 1995, Wong DKH, Cheung AM, Orourke K, Naylor CD, Detsky AS, and Heathcote J published a metaanalysis in the Psychological Bulletin investigating the effect of alpha-interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B E antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. They found no significant difference in the efficacy of alpha-interferon treatment between patients with and without hepatitis B E antigen.
Finally, in 1992, a study published in the Annals of Surgery by Juni P, Altman DG, and Egger M assessed the quality of controlled clinical trials by using systematic reviews. They found that some high-quality controlled clinical trials had been conducted, while others were of poor quality and lacked adequate statistical analysis.
This article discusses the empirical evidence of design-related bias in studies of diagnostic tests. The authors cite a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in which the researchers aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of diagnostic tests and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. However, they found that there was significant design bias in their study, as participants were more likely to have experienced PTSD if they had received a higher score on a certain diagnostic test for PTSD. This highlights the importance of carefully considering the design of studies when assessing the validity of results. Another example cited in the article is a meta-analysis published in Psychological Bulletin in which researchers investigated predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults. Again, the authors found significant design bias in their study, as the diagnostic tests used to assess PTSD symptoms were not standardized or validated. The authors suggest that future research should focus on using standardized tests to ensure that the findings are generalizable and applicable to a broader population.
Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis
.
The effect of antithrombotic therapy on stroke risk was assessed in a large number of randomized controlled trials and was examined by meta-analysis.
A total of 492 articles met the inclusion criteria, involving 717385 patients with AF who received different levels of thromboprophylaxis (e.g., low-dose aspirin alone versus aspirin plus standard warfarin). The primary outcome was the incidence of stroke. The results showed that the use of warfarin as the first-line anticoagulant therapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 0.78; P = .002) significantly reduced stroke risk compared with no therapy or low-dose aspirin only. Low-dose aspirin alone also showed a significant reduction in stroke risk (HR = 0.57; CI, 0.47 to 0.67; P = .004). In comparison, other antiplatelet agents and anticagrelor had no effect on stroke risk (data not shown).
In summary, the use of warfarin as the first-line antihypertensive therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation is highly effective in preventing stroke.
eggini E, Scott LJ, Saxena R, Voight BF, Marchini JL, Hu T
et al.
:
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes.
Nature Genetics
2008, 40: 638-645.
2008
706
90
176.5
16
Brattstrom L, Landgren F, Israelsson B, Lindgren A, Hultberg B, Andersson A
et al.
:
Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: meta-analysis of randomised trials.
British Medical Journal
1998,
316(7379): 894-898.
1998
697
91
49.8
78
Labbe KA, Detsky AS, Orourke K:
Metaanalysis in Clinical Research.
Annals of Internal Medicine
1987,
107(5): 224-233.
1987
694
92
27.8
100
Hites RA:
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: A meta-analysis of concentrations.
Environmental Science & Technology
2004, 38(10): 945-956.
2004
692(4): 1553-1562.
694
001
691
94
62.8
63
Lexchin J, Bero LA, Djulbegovic B, Clark O:
Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic review
.
British Medical Journal
2003,
326
: 1167-1170B.
2003
689
95
76.6
50
Hunt DL, Haynes RB, Hanna SE, Smith K:
Effects of computer-based clinical decision support systems on physician performance and patient outcomes - A systematic review
.
Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
1998,
280
: 1339-1346.
1998
687
96
49.1
80
Deci EL, Koestner R, Ryan RM:
A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation
.
Psychological Bulletin
1999,
125
: 627-668.
1999
685
97
52.7
75
Larosa JC, He J, Vupputuri S:
Effect of statins on risk of coronary disease - A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
.
Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
1999,
282
: 2340-2346.
1999
680
98
52.3
76
Kluger AN, DeNisi A:
The effects of feedback interventions on performance have been widely studied, and there is a rich body of historical reviews, meta-analyses, and the preliminary theory of feedback intervention that can inform our understanding of this phenomenon.
A historical review examines the development and evolution of research in this area, tracing back to the earliest studies of feedback in educational settings. As our understanding of feedback has grown, so too has our ability to measure and analyze its effects on performance. Meta-analyses, which systematically pool and analyze data from multiple studies, provide us with robust estimates of the effectiveness of feedback interventions. This has allowed us to identify common patterns and trends in the literature, as well as identify areas where more research is needed.
At the same time, a theoretical framework for feedback interventions is emerging. This framework helps us understand not only how feedback affects performance, but also under what conditions it is most effective. For example, it suggests that feedback should be specific, timely, and given by an expert. It also suggests that the way feedback is delivered can matter greatly. A one-time email or memo might be less effective than a face-to-face conversation or coaching session.
In addition, recent research has focused on the impact of cultural factors on the effectiveness of feedback interventions. For example, some studies have found that Western cultures may value individualism more than collectivism, which may affect how feedback is received and used.
All of this research points to several key findings: first, feedback interventions can be highly effective at improving performance; second, these interventions are most effective when they are specific, timely, given by an expert, and delivered in a context that allows for active learning; third, cultural factors can play an important role in determining the effectiveness of feedback; fourth, there is still much we do not know about the best ways to design and implement feedback interventions.
Figure 2 shows the publication year of the 100 most cited systematic reviews and meta-analyses related articles, which was identified using relevant numbers. The oldest article was published in 1977, while the most recent one was published in 2008. To further analyze the data, Figure 3A presents a correlation between average citations per year and the number of years since publication (referenced to 2012). This figure highlights that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between average citations per year and the number of years since publication (Spearman's rho = -0.636, 95% CI -0.739 to -0.501, p=0.0001), indicating that the average citations per year decrease with the passage of time since publication.
According to a recent report, the number of authors in the most frequently cited articles ranged from one to 22. The study found that four articles were written by a single author and 18 articles by two authors. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the number of authors and average citations per year (ρ = 0.320, 95% CI 0.132 to 0.486, p = 0.001). This suggests that when an article has more authors, it tends to receive more citations on average each year (Figure 3B).
The median length of these articles was also found to be around 10 pages (ranging from 2 to 75 pages), with no significant correlation between length and average citations per year (ρ = -0.052, 95% CI -0.246 to 0.146, p = 0.608). Interestingly, only four journals accounted for the majority of the citations received by this study (Table 2), with the Journal of The American Medical Association ranking as the most cited journal with 18 citations followed by British Medical Journal (n=14), The Lancet (n=13), and the Annals of Internal Medicine (n=7). It is worth noting that these journals had varying impact factors ranging from 1.412 (for Biometrics) to 51.658 (for the New England Journal of Medicine).
The following table lists the number of articles published in different journals from 2006 to 2013 and their corresponding Impact Factor (IF) in 2012. The data was obtained from the Journal Citation Reports.
Journal| Number of Articles Published (2006-2013)| Impact Factor (2012)
---|---|---
Journal of The American Medical Association| 18| 29.978
British Medical Journal| 14| 17.215
Lancet| 13| 39.06
Annals of Internal Medicine| 7| 13.976
New England Journal of Medicine| 4| 51.658
Psychological Bulletin| 4| 15.575
American Psychologist| 2| 5.1
Child Development| 2| 4.915
Controlled Clinical Trials| 2| 1.597
Nature Genetics| 2| 35.209
American Journal of Epidemiology| 1| 4.78
American Journal of Human Genetics| 1| 11.202
American Journal of Hypertension| 1| 3.665
American Journal of Psychiatry| 1| 14.721
American Journal of Public Health| 1| 3.93
Annals of Surgery| 1| 6.329
Archives of Internal Medicine| 1| 11.462
Arteriosclerosis And Thrombosis| 1| 6.338
Biometrics| 1| 1.412
British Journal of Psychiatry| 1| 6.606
British Journal of Social Psychology| 1| 1.816
Bulletin of The World Health Organization| 1| ****
The most frequently cited articles in the journal were published in the following journals: Environmental Science Technology, which has an impact factor of 5.257, followed by Journal of Applied Psychology with an impact factor of 4.758, and Nutrition and Cancer An International Journal with an impact factor of 2.695. These highly cited articles covered topics such as Gut, Hepatology, International Review of Psychiatry, and many others. In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between average citations per year and journal impact factor (rho=0.240, 95% CI 0.045 to 0.416, p=0.016) (Figure 3C). The main topics covered by these highly cited articles were General and internal medicine, Psychology, and Psychiatry, among others.
The top-100 list contained landmark contributions dealing with methodological aspects of conducting systematic reviews and meta-analysis. At number 1, DerSimonian and Laird’s landmark article introduced a novel simple random effects model for combining studies. Egger et al. (number-2) examined the prevalence of funnel plot asymmetry among published meta-analyses. Higgins et al. (number-4 and number-7) developed a new measure to assess the quality of meta-analyses.
At number 3, Cochrane’s systematic review guidelines were established as a benchmark for evaluating the quality of systematic reviews. At number 5, Brunner et al. proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies. At number 6, Graaf et al. proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials.
At number 8, Ioannidis and Jones proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies. At number 9, Chalmers et al. proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies. At number 10, Chalmers et al. proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies.
At number 11, Chalmers et al. proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies. At number 12, Chalmers et al. proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies. At number 13, Chalmers et al. proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies.
At number 14, Chalmers et al. proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies. At number 15, Chalmers et al. proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies. At number 16, Chalmers et al. proposed a new method for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies.
At number 17, DerSimonian and Laird’s landmark article which introduced a novel simple random effects model for combining studies was ranked first on the list.
The article by Stroup et al. (number-12), which proposed a new method for reporting meta-analyses of observational studies, highlights major advancements in the management of non-communicable diseases over the last 30 years. This is reflected in the fact that it is one of the most highly cited articles (n=40) in this field. Baigent and colleagues (number-8) conducted a study on the efficacy and safety of statins in reducing cholesterol levels. Their findings have contributed significantly to our understanding of this topic. Abe and his team (number-10) investigated the effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy on early recurrence of breast cancer. This research has been invaluable in guiding treatment decisions for patients at risk of developing this condition. Lewington et al. (number-13) examined the age-specific relevance of blood pressure and vascular mortality, shedding light on the relationship between these factors and health outcomes. All three studies mentioned above demonstrate how research in this area can lead to important practical applications and improve patient care.
